Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Acidum iopanoicum) inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. It is a chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa.

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate 是一种有效的自噬抑制剂。Hydroxychloroquine sulfate 通过阻止溶酶体酸化从而干扰自噬过程中的关键步骤。HCQ治疗抑制RCC（肾细胞癌）细胞增殖，促进细胞凋亡，抑制线粒体氧气消耗，并提高糖酵解速率[2]。

Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate 在大鼠I/R损伤模型中减少梗死面积，其心脏保护作用依赖于ERK1/2[3]。此外，Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate展现出早期的血管保护效应。HCQ似乎能预防接受治疗的动物出现内皮功能障碍(ED)[4]。

In vitro kinase assays: with purified proteins, recombinant S6 protein and recombinant active P70S6K are incubated in 1x kinase buffer with various amount of HCQ or RAD001 in the presence (25 μM) or absence of ATP for 30 minutes at 30°C. Total and phosphorylated S6 at ser235/236 and ser240/244 are detected by western analysis using phosphospecific antibodies. Note that recombinant GST-tagged S6 (53 kd) is distinguished from endogenous S6 (32 kd) on the western blot.

All cells are cultured in RPMI with 10% FBS, 1% glutamine, and 1% Pen/Strep. cells are seeded on the appropriated plates overnight and treated with HCQ (75 or 100 μM) for 48 hours.(Only for Reference)